![]() The nation worked closely with businessmen, for, as Secretary of War Henry L. Mobilization required enormous organizational adjustments. The renewed prosperity vindicated the theory of English economist John Maynard Keynes, who had earlier argued that sizable government spending could end a depression if the private sector was unable or unwilling to engage in such spending itself. Military spending that began in 1940 to bolster the defense effort gave the nation’s economy the boost it needed, and millions of unemployed Americans returned to work to make the weapons of war needed to protect the United States. ![]() In the economic arena, the war ended the Great Depression. Roosevelt’s phrase, the “arsenal of democracy,” the country experienced a fundamental reorientation of economic and social patterns at home that provided the template for the postwar years. ![]() As the United States produced the weapons of war and became, in President Franklin D. At the same time, it demanded a monumental production effort to provide the materials necessary to fight. It required unprecedented efforts to coordinate strategy and tactics with other members of the Grand Alliance and then to plunge into battle against the Axis powers-Germany, Italy, and Japan. Although no battles occurred on the American mainland, the war affected all phases of American life. World War II had a profound impact on the United States.
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